Milk thistle seed (Silybum marianum L.) is a valuable oilseed distinguished by both its oil content and its characteristic bioactive components. The seeds contain approximately 20-30% oil and over 20% protein. The oil fraction primarily consists of linoleic and oleic acids, with the linoleic acid ratio typically reaching levels of 50-60% and constituting the majority of the total fatty acid composition. Therefore, milk thistle oil is evaluated as an important source of vegetable oil rich in unsaturated fatty acids. Additionally, milk thistle seed is distinguished from other oilseeds by containing the silymarin complex (silybin, silychristin, silydianin, etc.), which is a unique group of components; furthermore, it offers a certain antioxidant capacity and functional value thanks to tocopherols, phenolic compounds, and phytosterols. Due to these nutritional and functional properties, milk thistle seed serves as a valuable raw material for food, supplement, cosmetic, and vegetable oil applications. The plant naturally spreads across a wide geography, primarily in Europe, the Mediterranean basin, and West Asia.